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Oracle Java SE 21 Developer Professional 認定 1z1-830 試験問題 (Q32-Q37):
質問 # 32
Given:
java
sealed class Vehicle permits Car, Bike {
}
non-sealed class Car extends Vehicle {
}
final class Bike extends Vehicle {
}
public class SealedClassTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class<?> vehicleClass = Vehicle.class;
Class<?> carClass = Car.class;
Class<?> bikeClass = Bike.class;
System.out.print("Is Vehicle sealed? " + vehicleClass.isSealed() +
"; Is Car sealed? " + carClass.isSealed() +
"; Is Bike sealed? " + bikeClass.isSealed());
}
}
What is printed?
正解：C
解説：
* Understanding Sealed Classes in Java
* Asealed classrestricts which other classes can extend it.
* A sealed classmust explicitly declare its permitted subclassesusing the permits keyword.
* Subclasses can be declared as:
* sealed(restricts further extension).
* non-sealed(removes the restriction, allowing unrestricted subclassing).
* final(prevents further subclassing).
* Analyzing the Given Code
* Vehicle is declared as sealed with permits Car, Bike, meaning only Car and Bike can extend it.
* Car is declared as non-sealed, which means itis no longer sealedand can have subclasses.
* Bike is declared as final, meaningit cannot be subclassed.
* Using isSealed() Method
* vehicleClass.isSealed() #truebecause Vehicle is explicitly marked as sealed.
* carClass.isSealed() #falsebecause Car is marked non-sealed.
* bikeClass.isSealed() #falsebecause Bike is final, and a final class isnot considered sealed.
* Final Output
csharp
Is Vehicle sealed? true; Is Car sealed? false; Is Bike sealed? false
Thus, the correct answer is:"Is Vehicle sealed? true; Is Car sealed? false; Is Bike sealed? false" References:
* Java SE 21 - Sealed Classes
* Java SE 21 - isSealed() Method
質問 # 33
Given:
java
Optional<String> optionalName = Optional.ofNullable(null);
String bread = optionalName.orElse("Baguette");
System.out.print("bread:" + bread);
String dish = optionalName.orElseGet(() -> "Frog legs");
System.out.print(", dish:" + dish);
try {
String cheese = optionalName.orElseThrow(() -> new Exception());
System.out.println(", cheese:" + cheese);
} catch (Exception exc) {
System.out.println(", no cheese.");
}
What is printed?
正解：C
解説：
Understanding Optional.ofNullable(null)
* Optional.ofNullable(null); creates an empty Optional (i.e., it contains no value).
* Optional.of(null); would throw a NullPointerException, but ofNullable(null); safely creates an empty Optional.
Execution of orElse, orElseGet, and orElseThrow
* orElse("Baguette")
* Since optionalName is empty, "Baguette" is returned.
* bread = "Baguette"
* Output:"bread:Baguette"
* orElseGet(() -> "Frog legs")
* Since optionalName is empty, "Frog legs" is returned from the lambda expression.
* dish = "Frog legs"
* Output:", dish:Frog legs"
* orElseThrow(() -> new Exception())
* Since optionalName is empty, an exception is thrown.
* The catch block catches this exception and prints ", no cheese.".
Thus, the final output is:
makefile
bread:Baguette, dish:Frog legs, no cheese.
References:
* Java SE 21 & JDK 21 - Optional
* Java SE 21 - Functional Interfaces
質問 # 34
Given:
java
package vehicule.parent;
public class Car {
protected String brand = "Peugeot";
}
and
java
package vehicule.child;
import vehicule.parent.Car;
public class MiniVan extends Car {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car car = new Car();
car.brand = "Peugeot 807";
System.out.println(car.brand);
}
}
What is printed?
正解：C
解説：
In Java,protected memberscan only be accessedwithin the same packageor bysubclasses, but there is a key restriction:
* A protected member of a superclass is only accessible through inheritance in a subclass but not through an instance of the superclass that is declared outside the package.
Why does compilation fail?
In the MiniVan class, the following line causes acompilation error:
java
Car car = new Car();
car.brand = "Peugeot 807";
* The brand field isprotectedin Car, which means it isnot accessible via an instance of Car outside the vehicule.parent package.
* Even though MiniVan extends Car, itcannotaccess brand using a Car instance (car.brand) because car is declared as an instance of Car, not MiniVan.
* The correct way to access brand inside MiniVan is through inheritance (this.brand or super.brand).
Corrected Code
If we change the MiniVan class like this, it will compile and run successfully:
java
package vehicule.child;
import vehicule.parent.Car;
public class MiniVan extends Car {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MiniVan minivan = new MiniVan(); // Access via inheritance
minivan.brand = "Peugeot 807";
System.out.println(minivan.brand);
}
}
This would output:
nginx
Peugeot 807
Key Rule from Oracle Java Documentation
* Protected membersof a class are accessible withinthe same packageand tosubclasses, butonly through inheritance, not through a superclass instance declared outside the package.
References:
* Java SE 21 & JDK 21 - Controlling Access to Members of a Class
* Java SE 21 & JDK 21 - Inheritance Rules
質問 # 35
Which of the following statements oflocal variables declared with varareinvalid?(Choose 4)
正解：A、B、C、D
解説：
1. Valid Use Cases of var
* var is alocal variable type inferencefeature.
* The compilerinfers the type from the assigned value.
* Example of valid use:
java
var a = 10; // Type inferred as int
var str = "Hello"; // Type inferred as String
2. Analyzing the Given Statements
Statement
Valid/Invalid
Reason
var a = 1;
Valid
Type inferred as int.
var b = 2, c = 3.0;
#Invalid
var doesnot allow multiple declarationsin one statement.
var d[] = new int[4];
#Invalid
Array brackets []are not allowedwith var.
var e;
#Invalid
varrequires an initializer(cannot be declared without assignment).
var f = { 6 };
#Invalid
{ 6 } is anarray initializer, which must have an explicit type.
var h = (g = 7);
Valid
g is assigned 7, and h gets its value.
Thus, the correct answers are:B, C, D, E
References:
* Java SE 21 - Local Variable Type Inference (var)
* Java SE 21 - var Restrictions
質問 # 36
Given:
java
StringBuffer us = new StringBuffer("US");
StringBuffer uk = new StringBuffer("UK");
Stream<StringBuffer> stream = Stream.of(us, uk);
String output = stream.collect(Collectors.joining("-", "=", ""));
System.out.println(output);
What is the given code fragment's output?
正解：C
解説：
In this code, two StringBuffer objects, us and uk, are created with the values "US" and "UK", respectively. A stream is then created from these objects using Stream.of(us, uk).
The collect method is used with Collectors.joining("-", "=", ""). The joining collector concatenates the elements of the stream into a single String with the following parameters:
* Delimiter ("-"):Inserted between each element.
* Prefix ("="):Inserted at the beginning of the result.
* Suffix (""):Inserted at the end of the result.
Therefore, the elements "US" and "UK" are concatenated with "-" between them, resulting in "US-UK". The prefix "=" is added at the beginning, resulting in the final output =US-UK.
質問 # 37
......
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